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Misinformation vs Disinformation – what’s the difference? Rosie Loyd Sunday, 27 March 2022 These two words have been cropping up in news stories over the past few weeks. In this article, Current Affairs Editor, Rosie Loyd, breaks them down to find out what the difference is, whilst considering potential causes and consequences. When Russia invaded Ukraine on 24th February 2022, it reached headlines all over the world. The coverage of this event has been constant, but not all of it has been reliable. It’s not just war, however, that has sparked an increase in the spread of incorrect information – Covid-19, Black Lives Matter Protests, Presidential Elections, The Royals, and Natural Disasters are all other examples of major events instigating a major dissemination of information which is not always accurate. The two words, ‘misinformation’ and ‘disinformation’ are increasingly becoming household terms. The colloquial phrase ‘fake news’ has been around for several years, and whilst not wholly different to the meaning of ‘dis-’ and ‘misinformation’, it more broadly signifies false and misleading news without indicating whether this was its original purpose. Do not be confused with former US President Donald Trump’s unique interpretation of the phrase - he frequently coined the term for news he simply did not like. In one conference, Trump, pointing to a reporter, responded “you are fake news”. The two words in question in this article, however, have a very subtle difference, primarily relating to the initial intention of the news spreader and the validity of the content. Misinformation is the spread of false information, regardless of intent to mislead. Social media sites such as Facebook are constantly spammed with misinformation, with users sharing fake news stories, simply because they think them to be real. Recently, whilst scrolling through TikTok, live video streams were supposedly depicting cities in Ukraine, when in fact, it was later found out that this was a video taken years before in a different country. By the time the videos were proven inaccurate, they had already gone viral. Disinformation, on the other hand, is the deliberate spread of false information. It is often employed by governments in the shape of propaganda to protect their legitimacy, or by certain organisations to generate profit from the number of visits on a website. A prime example of disinformation can be seen in the 2016 presidential election when Russia invoked bots on platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram, , to spread propaganda in favour of Donald Trump. The consequence of such omnipresent deceit online is that news is becoming decreasingly trustworthy. With the rapid development of technology at an all-time high, this is a problem that is only going to grow. The best way to make sure you continue to absorb accurate information is by relying on respected organisations and by checking their sources. If a story seems too good to be true, it most likely is. About the Author As a keen Spanish and Chinese linguist, I am extremely excited to have the opportunity to share contemporary and engaging stories with readers. I love discovering surprising news stories that don’t always reach the headlines and finding a way to present them in a digestible and relevant fashion. Rosie spent her year abroad in Barcelona and Taiwan. You can read about her incredible experiences here on Lingo Mag! Rosie was our 2022/23 Current Affairs Editor. A Reflection on Tensions in Ukraine Jessamy Guest Lunar New Year in a Covid-19 world Rosie Loyd Misinformation vs Disinformation – what’s the difference? Rosie Loyd Copyright free images via Unsplash. For more content, follow us on Instagram , and like our Facebook page for more articles and information on how to join the Lingo Team. Have an article ready to send in? Submit it here . Tags: Rosie Loyd Fake News Trump Ukraine Russia Social Media Categories: Global Affairs Share: Let us know what you think 3.0 150 Article ratings average rating is 3 out of 5, based on 150 votes, Article ratings WRITE A COMMENT Thanks for submitting a comment! Barbara Dawson average rating is 3 out of 5 Lovely tasty dish. Try it you won’t be disappointed. Time Published Aunty Liz average rating is 3 out of 5 Very tasty and cheap. I often have this for tea! Time Published BETTS average rating is 3 out of 5 Being a bilingual family (French mother and British father,) living in France I thought your article was extremely interesting . Have you research on bilingualism ? It seems that when the mother is British and the father French and they both live in France their children seem to be more bilingual than when the mother is French and the father is British . This is what we called mother tongue , isn't it ? Time Published Niamh average rating is 3 out of 5 Such an interesting article! Time Published LOAD MORE

An evening of 'Santi' Emily Brown Monday, 7 November 2022 A review of the concept film 'Santi' and an insight into the Q&A session with the director and executive producer. A look into why everyone should see this film. On Tuesday 11 October, University of Nottingham students and associates were privileged to welcome Harry Richards, writer & director of the short film, Santi, and David Sierra-Márquez, executive producer, to the university for a Q&A and screening of the short film. The feature-length version of Santi is to be filmed between the UK and Colombia in 2023. Santi is a British-Colombian film that tells the story of Santi, Jon Gutierrez, a young Colombian trying to find his feet in a country that is not his own, battling with a new language and culture. The opening scene places our protagonist at a dinner party in London accompanied by his girlfriend, amongst others. Halfway through the scene, Santi receives a phone call, followed by a voice note, from his mother back in Colombia. Not only does the film highlight the difficulties of assimilating to a new way of living, but also the strength of the connections that migrants have with those they left behind. The transformation from complete discomfort at the dinner party, to the joy and unconditional love felt for his family, is cleverly depicted with sound – the noise of a party that he doesn’t understand in the background of a conversation with his mother and family back in Colombia. Santi speaks to all those who have left their home countries in search of something more, as it doesn’t shy away from difficult topics of language barriers, micro aggressions or immigration. “Santi speaks to all those who have left their home countries in search of something more…” The Q&A was a valuable 45 minutes that gave the listeners a chance to put both the film and the work of Harry and David under the microscope, allowing a peek into the process of filmmaking, funding and the magic that goes on behind the scenes. One of the key messages that Harry conveyed throughout the session was the importance of being passionate about the project and finding a motivated team who all wanted to see their ideas come to life. Despite the difficulties encountered in finding filming locations and deals falling through, their vision was executed with skill, care and sensitivity towards the subject matter. What I, along with many of my classmates were previously unaware of, was the intense process of storyboarding that took place every time a new filming location was found. Harry explained how the team learned from previous mistakes, and how they carried these lessons onto the next phase of the filmmaking process. Setbacks, in many senses, added more fuel to their fire to achieve the project. He explained how he integrated both his own experience from his time in Colombia during his year abroad and the expertise of his Colombian colleagues, alongside whom he was able to realise the vision for the film. Santi provides an insightful critique of our own culture that should be shown to audiences everywhere. It is a charming and authentic inspiration for all that challenges preconceptions about those who have taken the leap to live in a foreign country. The importance that it places on authenticity throughout means that, within ten minutes, it captures the mixture of emotions felt when moving to a new country. It provides a warm embrace around the Latin American community who have made a life for themselves in a country that isn’t their own. The film possesses a certain power in making people feel that they are seen and that their stories are being heard, with Santi as the figurehead of the community. It’s both challenging and heart-warming, as it emphasises the power that familial love has as a source of comfort. The highly anticipated full-length film will begin production soon across the UK and Colombia. About the Author Emily is a Spanish and International Media student, who loves anything to do with Spanish/ Hispanic culture. She feels that writing for LingoMag is a great way to combine her interests for writing articles and languages! Encanto: The Deeper Meaning Behind Disney's Award-winning Latino Film Mhairi MacLeod An evening of 'Santi' Emily Brown Foreign Film in the Face of Western Commercialism Francesca Beaumont Images provided by and published with permission from Santi. For more content, follow us on Instagram , and like our Facebook page for more articles and information on how to join the Lingo Team. Have an article ready to send in? Submit it here . Tags: Emily Brown Film Santi Screening Hispanic Cinema Categories: Culture Review Share: Let us know what you think 3.0 150 Article ratings average rating is 3 out of 5, based on 150 votes, Article ratings WRITE A COMMENT Thanks for submitting a comment! Barbara Dawson average rating is 3 out of 5 Lovely tasty dish. Try it you won’t be disappointed. Time Published Aunty Liz average rating is 3 out of 5 Very tasty and cheap. I often have this for tea! Time Published BETTS average rating is 3 out of 5 Being a bilingual family (French mother and British father,) living in France I thought your article was extremely interesting . Have you research on bilingualism ? It seems that when the mother is British and the father French and they both live in France their children seem to be more bilingual than when the mother is French and the father is British . This is what we called mother tongue , isn't it ? Time Published Niamh average rating is 3 out of 5 Such an interesting article! Time Published LOAD MORE

Exploring the hidden treasures of Wales Bethan Beddow Thursday, 15 December 2022 In this article, Bethan reveals underrated places around Wales. These are places that are magical, peaceful, aesthetic and contribute massively to Welsh culture and history. Wales is a magical country of just over three million people, and I am one of the fortunate few to be a part of this number. Unfortunately, such a small country may slip under the radar when people think of beautiful places to visit. There are so many whimsical locations in the land of the dragon that I believe should be shown to the world. Let us begin with my family’s hometown, Chepstow or Cas-gwent (its Welsh name). The bustling town of Chepstow fuses the ancient and modern cultures of Wales and possesses an ideal image for many visitors. Significant spots include the extensive Chepstow Port Walls: these are medieval remnants that stretch far and wide across the town and remind many of the striking Welsh past that fights to remain relevant today. Another incredible landmark is the Chepstow Castle, a grandiose and preserved fortress that boasts at least 900 years of history. As a child, I visited the castle countless times, pretending I was a stubborn princess or chivalrous knight as my family led us through stone rooms. However, if you’d rather explore the modern parts of Chepstow, don’t hesitate to hit the high street with its picturesque boutiques and handsome sculptures. The town truly succeeds in providing entertainment for its visitors and is steeped in so much history that it will make any historian happy! Another idyllic part of Wales is Tenby; by far one of the top hidden treasures in this country. Tenby is located further west than Chepstow, in Pembrokeshire. It encapsulates Welsh natural beauty, with glowing, sandy beaches and the fairy tale harbour brimming with rainbow-coloured houses. Despite being a tourist attraction, Tenby retains its individual identity: the Welsh name is Dinbych-y-Pysgod (Little Fortress of the Fish), and this poetic phrase makes sense when exploring the harbour. Watch out for all the fish! Furthermore, Castle Beach shows again the beautiful history of Wales as visitors can sightsee the ancient Tenby Castle whilst sunbathing. Tenby Castle was built in the 12th century, but sadly it has fallen into ruin over time. The old castle walls are still present, however, and they are an important attribute of Tenby. Wales is a vastly important land, known not just for its archaic history but for its natural beauty. It will always be a place to escape to when Nottingham city life gets too much and allows me to reunite with my culture on a profound and personal level. Wales symbolises ‘cwtch’ for me; the Welsh word for a special sort of hug which cannot even be translated properly into English. Ultimately, it is a word that comforts us and gifts so many people the sense that they’re home again. About the Author Bethan, an English with Creative Writing student, has a passion for writing, specifically writing about things close to her heart, such as underrated Welsh culture! 48 Hours in Seville: Spain's Sunny City Niamh Woodhouse Southern Spain’s Architectural Gems Vicki Mileson Exploring the hidden treasures of Wales Bethan Beddow Images provided by Bethan Beddow. For more content, follow us on Instagram , and like our Facebook page for more articles and information on how to join the Lingo Team. Have an article ready to send in? Submit it here . Tags: Bethan Beddow Wales Castle History Beach Categories: Culture Cultural Guide Share: Let us know what you think 3.0 150 Article ratings average rating is 3 out of 5, based on 150 votes, Article ratings WRITE A COMMENT Thanks for submitting a comment! Barbara Dawson average rating is 3 out of 5 Lovely tasty dish. Try it you won’t be disappointed. Time Published Aunty Liz average rating is 3 out of 5 Very tasty and cheap. I often have this for tea! Time Published BETTS average rating is 3 out of 5 Being a bilingual family (French mother and British father,) living in France I thought your article was extremely interesting . Have you research on bilingualism ? It seems that when the mother is British and the father French and they both live in France their children seem to be more bilingual than when the mother is French and the father is British . This is what we called mother tongue , isn't it ? Time Published Niamh average rating is 3 out of 5 Such an interesting article! Time Published LOAD MORE

Students Protest the (Western) World Over Holly Cromwell Saturday, 25 May 2024 Student protests in the US in support of Palestine have grabbed international media attention, both from traditional new outlets and through the slow seep of videos in the TikTok ecosystem. The role of student journalists and social media in local and global politics has never been quite so clear. Holly explores this and examines the ongoing events. Student protests in the US have gained international attention. Whether it be through traditional news or the slow seep of videos within the TikTok ecosystem, I’m sure almost everyone is aware of the ongoing situation. The role of student journalists and social media in local and global politics has never been quite so clear. What may not have been so clear, however, is that the students in Universities of Atlanta, Yale, Havard, New York, North Carolina, Columbia and Mississippi, as well as so many others, were not alone for very long – as students from all over the world have come together to protest in support of Palestine against the Israel-Hamas war. Student protests have sprung up across the globe: the famous Science Po and La Sorbonne in Paris, as well as Lyon, in France; Leipzig in Germany; Lausanne, Geneva and Zurich in Switzerland; and Trinity College in Dublin. And, since the 11th of May, our very own Nottingham Students for Palestine have set up camp outside of the Advanced Manufacturing Building on Jubilee campus, asking, like many other protesters, for their university to cease affiliations with Israel. Not all student protests take the form of encampments like the ones we have seen in the UK and US: some are occupations, sit-ins, marches, or simple demonstrations. Despite this variety, the protests all seem to be on the same intensity across the continent. Police have been involved across Europe, with 86 people arrested at La Sorbonne, Paris, and 169 in Amsterdam, where students created barricades out of university furniture around their encampments to push back against police. Students were arrested at many of these protests, but some countries have had more measured reactions than others. Where in the US, the police were seen using teargas and pepper balls on unarmed students (making the University of Arizona now infamous on social media), those in Amsterdam used batons to charge students and smash their tents. As a breath of fresh air, however, in Belgium, the prime minister Alexander de Croo, has said that if he were their age, he would have joined them. In the UK, Rishi Sunak has called vice-chancellors of British universities to an emergency meeting at Downing Street, to discuss these university encampments and alleged “rising anti-semitism” on campuses. His message to those protesting was: “The right to free speech does not include the right to harass people or incite violence.” Some of those same vice-chancellors have since accused him of inflaming the situation, although one took the opposite stance. Hundreds of staff members from Oxford, Cambridge and Edinburgh have signed open letters claiming solidarity with these students, echoing the chains of faculty members protecting student encampments at New York University. Something not highlighted enough in articles on the subject is that although these protests erupted through April and May, they are set to continue towards the end of June in some places. Whilst student activists protest, student journalists cover the events at the risk of their own safety, particularly in those campuses facing institutional violence. Many of those campuses that have seen these encampments have also experienced certain levels of police violence used to disperse them, though most not on the level of Arizona. Most countries have their own term calendar, but, given the relative ubiquity of the summer holidays, this is a universally anxiety-inducing time for students. With exam seasons and graduation periods looming, the protests have already caused significant impacts. Whilst there’s a long history of student protests, (protests at Oxford and Paris date back to 1209 and 1229 respectively, from before English even resembled English), any society committee knows that it is difficult to motivate students to do anything at this time of year. The fact that these protests are not only global, but are continuing despite the efforts of the institutions and the police, as well as the slow grind of grades and expectations, is pretty remarkable. An incomplete list of campus protests for Palestine in Europe alone: Austria: Vienna Belgium: Gand, Brussels, Liège, Anvers (the free university of Brussels and the Catholic university of Leuven) Denmark: Copenhagen Finland: Helsinki Germany: Berlin, La Freie Universität de Berlin, (the other large campus of the German Capital) Dresden, Leipzig and Brêmen. Greece: Athens Ireland: Trinity College Dublin Italy: La Sapienza, Milan, Naples, Turin, Bologne, Padoue Netherlands: Amsterdam, Maastricht, Nimègue, Eindhoven, Utrecht, Groningue, Leiden Norway: Bergen Portugal: Lisbon Spain: Valencia, Barcelona, Madrid, Pampelune, Bilbao, Séville. Sweden: Lund, Stockholm Switzerland: Geneva, Bâle, Berne, Fribourg, Zurich UK: Newcastle, Leeds, Lancaster, Cambridge, Oxford, Edinburgh, Goldsmith, Kings College London, Nottingham, Bristol, Warwick, York, London School of Economics, Queen Mary School of London. About the Author Holly was our 2023/24 Culture Editor. An English and French student, Holly is interested in languages and cultures, with a particular interest in film. For her, writing for Lingo is a way to enjoy this further and be a bit more purposeful with her interests, find and share new things! 'A Victory for Feminism': How France Made the Right to Abortion Part of its Constitution Charlie Bodsworth Cannabis Legalisation in Germany Olivia Marshall Ladies Lounge: The Story of One Man’s Entitlement and Why That’s The Point Holly Cromwell Copyright free images via Unsplash. For more content, follow us on Instagram , and like our Facebook page for more articles and information on how to join the Lingo Team. Have an article ready to send in? Submit it here . Tags: protest student international global affairs Holly Cromwell Categories: Global Affairs Share: Let us know what you think 3.0 150 Article ratings average rating is 3 out of 5, based on 150 votes, Article ratings WRITE A COMMENT Thanks for submitting a comment! Barbara Dawson average rating is 3 out of 5 Lovely tasty dish. Try it you won’t be disappointed. Time Published Aunty Liz average rating is 3 out of 5 Very tasty and cheap. I often have this for tea! Time Published BETTS average rating is 3 out of 5 Being a bilingual family (French mother and British father,) living in France I thought your article was extremely interesting . Have you research on bilingualism ? It seems that when the mother is British and the father French and they both live in France their children seem to be more bilingual than when the mother is French and the father is British . This is what we called mother tongue , isn't it ? Time Published Niamh average rating is 3 out of 5 Such an interesting article! Time Published LOAD MORE

Freshers' Series Starting university in a new city can feel overwhelming, so this year, the Lingo Magazine team is here to help. We've curated a series of articles, guides, and lists designed to make settling into student life easier. From top study spots to the best food joints, let this be your go-to guide for navigating Nottingham. Shopping Sustainably? Here are the best vintage, second-hand and preloved shops in Nottingham Coming soon Study in Style: The best study spots in Nottingham for meeting those deadlines. Coming soon New Nosh: Six new food spots landing in Nottingham Coming Soon

Freshers' Series Starting university in a new city can feel overwhelming, so this year, the Lingo Magazine team is here to help. We've curated a series of articles, guides, and lists designed to make settling into student life easier. From top study spots to the best food joints, let this be your go-to guide for navigating Nottingham. Shopping Sustainably? Here are the best vintage, second-hand and preloved shops in Nottingham Coming soon Study in Style: The best study spots in Nottingham for meeting those deadlines. Coming soon New Nosh: Six new food spots landing in Nottingham Coming Soon

Freshers' Series Starting university in a new city can feel overwhelming, so this year, the Lingo Magazine team is here to help. We've curated a series of articles, guides, and lists designed to make settling into student life easier. From top study spots to the best food joints, let this be your go-to guide for navigating Nottingham. Shopping Sustainably? Here are the best vintage, second-hand and preloved shops in Nottingham Coming soon Study in Style: The best study spots in Nottingham for meeting those deadlines. Coming soon New Nosh: Six new food spots landing in Nottingham Coming Soon

Freshers' Series Starting university in a new city can feel overwhelming, so this year, the Lingo Magazine team is here to help. We've curated a series of articles, guides, and lists designed to make settling into student life easier. From top study spots to the best food joints, let this be your go-to guide for navigating Nottingham. Shopping Sustainably? Here are the best vintage, second-hand and preloved shops in Nottingham Coming soon Study in Style: The best study spots in Nottingham for meeting those deadlines. Coming soon New Nosh: Six new food spots landing in Nottingham Coming Soon

Freshers' Series Starting university in a new city can feel overwhelming, so this year, the Lingo Magazine team is here to help. We've curated a series of articles, guides, and lists designed to make settling into student life easier. From top study spots to the best food joints, let this be your go-to guide for navigating Nottingham. Shopping Sustainably? Here are the best vintage, second-hand and preloved shops in Nottingham Coming soon Study in Style: The best study spots in Nottingham for meeting those deadlines. Coming soon New Nosh: Six new food spots landing in Nottingham Coming Soon

Freshers' Series Starting university in a new city can feel overwhelming, so this year, the Lingo Magazine team is here to help. We've curated a series of articles, guides, and lists designed to make settling into student life easier. From top study spots to the best food joints, let this be your go-to guide for navigating Nottingham. Shopping Sustainably? Here are the best vintage, second-hand and preloved shops in Nottingham Coming soon Study in Style: The best study spots in Nottingham for meeting those deadlines. Coming soon New Nosh: Six new food spots landing in Nottingham Coming Soon

Freshers' Series Starting university in a new city can feel overwhelming, so this year, the Lingo Magazine team is here to help. We've curated a series of articles, guides, and lists designed to make settling into student life easier. From top study spots to the best food joints, let this be your go-to guide for navigating Nottingham. Shopping Sustainably? Here are the best vintage, second-hand and preloved shops in Nottingham Coming soon Study in Style: The best study spots in Nottingham for meeting those deadlines. Coming soon New Nosh: Six new food spots landing in Nottingham Coming Soon

Freshers' Series Starting university in a new city can feel overwhelming, so this year, the Lingo Magazine team is here to help. We've curated a series of articles, guides, and lists designed to make settling into student life easier. From top study spots to the best food joints, let this be your go-to guide for navigating Nottingham. Shopping Sustainably? Here are the best vintage, second-hand and preloved shops in Nottingham Coming soon Study in Style: The best study spots in Nottingham for meeting those deadlines. Coming soon New Nosh: Six new food spots landing in Nottingham Coming Soon